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titleEDM profile for technical metadata

To provide additional useful facets and filtering of Europeana resources the addition of technical metadata at the level of the WebResource, which was currently absent from EDM, is needed. This specification applies to five media types which Europeana currently supports, namely: Sound, Video, Text, Image and 3D objects. This profile lists the properties that will apply to the WebResource class and an additional class that were defined to support such functionality.

The working document that contains background information and that forms the basis of this listing can be found at:
https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/17LjVpdUHsqpLhvQ0kvvDd7ja6eAPhSB9dN3NQ0kEbko/edit#gid=0.
Most of the added properties come from the EBUCore set of properties, available at:
http://www.ebu.ch/metadata/ontologies/ebucore/index.html

Approach
A minimal approach has been adopted to the addition of properties to EDM. Not all functions require the addition of a specific property. Consider for example the filtering of Europeana objects based on the presence of a usable thumbnail. This can be detected by checking for the presence of a URL in the “edm:preview” property (and the resource flagged accordingly in a search system) without the need for a specific EDM property to hold that flag in Europeana’s reference data.

Some values can be used to generate further values and, depending on the stage in the processing of data where this happens, a property may be needed to record the output. For example, the orientation of an image will be generated by processing numeric values given in the height and width properties, giving the result as “Portrait” or “Landscape”. A few properties have been created in the EDM namespace even though similar properties already exist elsewhere (e.g. Exif and EBUCore). This is because the allowable values did not match our requirements at this time (e.g. EDM needs literal values in some cases).
These properties are: “edm:hasColorSpace”, “edm:componentColor”, “edm:spatialResolution” and “edm:codecName”.

Properties

All the properties defined below should be applied to edm:WebResource.

edm:codecName

URI

http://www.europeana.eu/schemas/edm/codecName

Label

Codec

Definition

The name of a device or computer program capable of encoding or decoding a digital data stream or signal (i.e. coder-decoder)

Domain

edm:WebResource

Obligation &

Occurence

Example

Comment

Occurrence

Optional (Minimum: 0, Maximum: 1)

Example

mp4v

Comment

Used for video

edm:FullTextResource

URI

Label

Definition

Subclass of

Example

Comment

ebucore:hasMimeType

URI

Label

Definition

Domain

Obligation&Occurence

Example

Comment

ebucore:fileByteSize

URI

Label

Definition

Domain

Obligation&Occurence

Example

Comment

ebucore:duration

URI

Label

Definition

Domain

Obligation&Occurence

Example

Comment

ebucore:width

URI

Label

Definition

Domain

Obligation&Occurence

Example

Comment

ebucore:height

URI

Label

Definition

Domain

Obligation&Occurence

Example

Comment

edm:spatialResolution

URI

Label

Definition

Domain

Obligation&Occurence

Example

Comment

ebucore:sampleSize

URI

Label

Definition

Domain

Obligation&Occurence

Example

Comment

ebucore:sampleRate

URI

Label

Definition

Domain

Obligation&Occurence

Example

Comment

ebucore:bitRate

URI

Label

Definition

Domain

Obligation&Occurence

Example

Comment

ebucore:frameRate

URI

Label

Definition

Domain

Obligation&Occurence

Example

Comment

edm:hasColorSpace

URI

Label

Definition

Domain

Obligation&Occurence

Example

Comment

edm:componentColor

URI

Label

Definition

Domain

Obligation&Occurence

Example

Comment

ebucore:orientation

URI

Label

Definition

Domain

Obligation&Occurence

Example

Comment

ebucore:audioChannelNumber

URI

Label

Definition

Domain

Obligation&Occurence

Example

Comment

rdf:type

URI

Label

Definition

Domain

Obligation&Occurence

Example

Comment

Classes

http://www.ebu.ch/metadata/ontologies/ebucore/ebucore#hasMimeType

Label

MIME Type

Definition

The main MIME types as defined by IANA: e.g. audio, video, text, application, or a container MIME type.

Subproperty of

ebucore:hasFormat

Domain

edm:WebResource

Obligation & Occurrence

Optional (Minimum: 0, Maximum: 1)

Example

video/mp4

Comment

The controlled values are defined by IANA list of internet media types. Used for Video, Image, Sound, Text, 3D.

ebucore:fileByteSize

URI

http://www.ebu.ch/metadata/ontologies/ebucore/ebucore#fileByteSize

Label

File size

Definition

The size of a Media Resource expressed in bytes.

Domain

edm:WebResource

Range

xsd:long (as defined in EBUCore)

Obligation & Occurrence

Optional (Minimum: 0, Maximum: 1)

Example

39508

Comment

To indicate the storage requirements or file size of a digital resource. The file size is expressed in bytes. Used for Video, Image, Sound, Text, 3D.

ebucore:duration

URI

http://www.ebu.ch/metadata/ontologies/ebucore/ebucore#duration

Label

Duration

Definition

The duration of a track or a signal expressed in ms.

Subproperty of

ebucore:duration

Domain

edm:WebResource

Obligation & Occurrence

Optional (Minimum: 0, Maximum: 1)

Example

270000

Comment

An implementation decision was made to use this property instead of a more normative property such as “ebucore:durationNormalPlayTime” so that a duration could be expressed as a number. Used for Video and Sound.

ebucore:width

URI

http://www.ebu.ch/metadata/ontologies/ebucore/ebucore#width

Label

Width

Definition

The width of e.g. a video frame typically expressed as a number of pixels.

Domain

edm:WebResource

Range

xsd:integer

Obligation & Occurrence

Optional (Minimum: 0, Maximum: 1)

Example

1024

Comment

To define different widths of a video image e.g. display, active etc. Used for Video and Image.

ebucore:height

URI

http://www.ebu.ch/metadata/ontologies/ebucore/ebucore#height

Label

Height

Definition

The height of e.g. a video frame typically expressed as a number of pixels.

Domain

edm:WebResource

Range

xsd:integer (as defined in EBUCore)

Obligation & Occurrence

Optional (Minimum: 0, Maximum: 1)

Example

768

Comment

To define different heights of a video image e.g. display, active etc. Used for Video and Image.

edm:spatialResolution

URI

http://www.europeana.eu/schemas/edm/spatialResolution

Label

Spatial resolution

Definition

The spatial resolution of a media resource expressed in DPIs.

Domain

edm:WebResource

Range

xsd:nonNegativeInteger (as defined in EBUCore)

Obligation & Occurrence

Optional (Minimum: 0, Maximum: 1)

Example

300

Comment

Used for Text (e.g. PDFs).

ebucore:sampleSize

URI

http://www.ebu.ch/metadata/ontologies/ebucore/ebucore#sampleSize

Label

Sample size

Definition

The size of an audio sample in bits. Also called bit depth.

Domain

edm:WebResource

Range

xsd:integer (as defined in EBUCore)

Obligation & Occurrence

Optional (Minimum: 0, Maximum: 1)

Example

16

Comment

Used for Sound.

ebucore:sampleRate

URI

http://www.ebu.ch/metadata/ontologies/ebucore/ebucore#sampleRate

Label

Sample rate

Definition

The frequency at which an audio is sampled per second. Also called sampling rate.

Domain

edm:WebResource

Range

xsd:integer (as defined in EBUCore)

Obligation & Occurrence

Optional (Minimum: 0, Maximum: 1)

Example

44100

Comment

Used for Sound.

ebucore:bitRate

URI

http://www.ebu.ch/metadata/ontologies/ebucore/ebucore#bitRate

Label

Bitrate

Definition

To provide the bitrate at which the Media Resource can be played in bits
per second.

Domain

edm:WebResource

Range

xsd:nonNegativeInteger (as defined in EBUCore)

Obligation & Occurrence

Optional (Minimum: 0, Maximum: 1)

Example

128000

Comment

Used for Video and Sound.

ebucore:frameRate

URI

http://www.ebu.ch/metadata/ontologies/ebucore/ebucore#frameRate

Label

Frame rate

Definition

The frame rate of the video signal in frames per second.

Domain

edm:WebResource

Range

xsd:double (as defined in EBUCore)

Obligation & Occurrence

Optional (Minimum: 0, Maximum: 1)

Example

300

Comment

Used for Video.

edm:hasColorSpace

URI

http://www.europeana.eu/schemas/edm/hasColorSpace

Label

Color Space

Definition

The color space of an image resource i.e. “grayscale” or “sRGB”

Domain

edm:WebResource

Obligation & Occurrence

Optional (Minimum: 0, Maximum: 1).

Example

grayscale

Comment

Used for Image.

edm:componentColor

URI

http://www.europeana.eu/schemas/edm/componentColor

Label

Component Color

Definition

A significant color present in an image. The colors must be taken from the CSS3 standard color palette and are expressed as a hexadecimal binary value.

Domain

edm:WebResource

Range

xsd:hexBinary

Obligation & Occurrence

Optional (Minimum: 0, Maximum: 6)

Example

FF0000

Comment

Used for Image.

ebucore:orientation

URI

http://www.ebu.ch/metadata/ontologies/ebucore/ebucore#orientation

Label

Orientation

Definition

The orientation of a document or an image i.e. “landscape” or “portrait”.

Domain

edm:WebResource

Range

xsd:string (as defined in EBUCore)

Obligation & Occurrence

Optional (Minimum: 0, Maximum: 1)

Example

portrait

Comment

The value is generated by comparing the values in “ebucore:height” and “ebucore:width”. Used for Image.

ebucore:audioChannelNumber

URI

http://www.ebu.ch/metadata/ontologies/ebucore/ebucore#audioChannelNumber

Label

Audio channels

Definition

The total number of audio channels contained in the Media Resource.

Domain

edm:WebResource

Range

xsd:nonNegativeInteger (as defined in EBUCore)

Obligation & Occurrence

Optional (Minimum: 0, Maximum: 1)

Example

2

Comment

Used for Sound.

rdf:type

URI

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type

Label

Type

Definition

To indicate the type of a resource.

Range

rdfs:Resource

Obligation & Occurrence

Optional (Minimum: 0, Maximum: 1)

Example

<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.europeana.eu/schemas/edm/FullTextResource "/>

Comment

This is used to indicate that a web resource contains searchable, machine readable text. In the context of this EDM extension, “rdf:type” has been introduced to be used in relation with classes relevant for this extension, especially “edm:FullTextResource”.

Classes

edm:FullTextResource

URI

http://www.europeana.eu/schemas/edm/FullTextResource

Label

Full-text Resource

Definition

A resource that has machine readable full text content.

Subclass of

edm:InformationResource

Example

Typically this could be the result of a newspaper that has been digitised as an image or PDF file and then OCRed to produce a separate file with the full text.

Comment

When full-text is available for a digital object it must be represented in a specific class. This is because in some cases the WebResource that provides the view of the object to end-users does not contain the full-text in machine readable form. This is taken from the Europeana Libraries report on full-text.

Document history:

Robina Clayphan, Hugo Manguinhas - Final version after review

Hugo Manguinhas, Antoine Isaac - Additional comments incorporated

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titleMedia Formats/Mime Types

A MIME type (also known as a Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension) is a standard that indicates the format of a file. It is a fundamental characteristic of a digital resource that influences its ability to be accessed and used over time.

The purpose of this section is to provide a list of MIME types corresponding to different types of content/media that are supported or not by Europeana.

Media formats supported on Europeana Collections

Format Name

Mime-type

File Extension(s)

Image

JPEG

image/jpeg

.jpeg

PNG

image/png

.png

GIF

image/gif

.gif

Generic Bitmap

image/bmp

.bmp

Microsoft Bitmap

image/x-ms-bmp

.bmp

Text

PDF

application/pdf

.pdf

Video

MPEG-4 Video

video/mp4

.mp4

Open Web Media Project – Video

video/webm

.webm

M4v

video/x-m4v

.m4v

Quicktime video

video/quicktime

.mov, .qt

Audio

MP3 or other MPEG format

audio/mpeg

.mp3

Waveform Audio

audio/x-wav

.wav, .wave

Media formats not supported in Europeana Collections

Not all the links to media resources that Europeana receives from data providers can be displayed in the Europeana Collections portal, however these are still made available for download to our users for reuse. The respective media formats (and mime-types) are presented in the table below.

Format Name

Mime-type

File Extension(s)

Image

TIFF

image/tiff

.tiff

Adobe Photoshop

image/vnd.adobe.photoshop

.psd

Text

Plain Text

text/plain

.txt

Video

Microsoft Windows Media Video

video/x-ms-wmv

.wmv

Flash Video

video/x-flv

.flv

MPEG Video

video/mpeg

.mpg

Audio Video Interleave (AVI)

video/x-msvideo

.avi

Microsoft Advanced Systems Format (ASF)

video/x-ms-asf

.asf

Audio

Native FLAC format (FLAC in its own container)

audio/x-flac

.flac

Windows Media Audio

audio/x-ms-wma

.wma

Audio Interchange File Format

audio/x-aiff

.aiff, .aif, .aifc

...