Questionnaires.

Creative methods (and probably many more). That shouldn’t stop you from exploring them, alongside other methods! Consider partnering with a higher education system or reading some research into creative methods.

Network analysis might help you understand how participants, e.g. of networking or educational events, are building connections amongst each other. You might also use it to track how your own network or audience is expanding as a result of how you interact with others at events or through memberships like the Europeana Network Association.

Many ways. You could create a pop-up survey (e.g. HotJar). You might ask for visitors to opt-in to an interview. You might survey your newsletter audience and ask for feedback. You might share a poll or a questionnaire with your social media audiences.

This is a tricky question which was asked at one of our Impact Community webinars. If the APIs are free to access without registration, then you have no way of contacting your audiences directly. You might use a pop-up survey or link to a questionnaire on the API access page. If you require users to register to use the API, you could share a questionnaire with them directly.

To some extent, there is likely to be some economic impact created in most activities, whether this is directly or indirectly. The question remains whether this economic impact is the driver of the activity or if so meaningful that it is worth measuring. 

True! Read more on Wikipedia. This is something to take into account. Ethically, those who you are observing need to be informed that observation is taking place (e.g. by a sign on the way into an exhibition space) but you should aim to be unobtrusive.

False. The facilitation of focus groups requires specific skills and a lot of preparation. It is not the same as a group meeting.

Digital user statistics - these will answer the question of ‘how many' people engaged.