This page describes how Europeana links information about providing organisations to Europeana entities for organisations.
Europeana Organisation Entities
Data partners include information about organisations involved in the aggregation chain in the metadata, like so:
<ore:Aggregation rdf:about="#Example_01Aggregation">
<edm:aggregatedCHO rdf:resource="#Example_01"/>
<edm:dataProvider>Bibliothèque nationale de France</edm:dataProvider>
<edm:intermediateProvider>The European Library</edm:intermediateProvider>
<edm:provider>Gallica</edm:provider>
[ other Aggregation data ]
</ore:Aggregation>
Organisations are recorded in the Europeana customer relationship management system (CRM), where we store the main information related to them, such as, among others, the official name and English translation, acronym, country of location, and website. Each Europeana organisation entity contains information extracted from the CRM that is augmented with organisation data available in Wikidata. You can retrieve an entity by making the following request:
https://api.europeana.eu/entity/[TYPE]/[IDENTIFIER] Accept: [ACCEPT]
https://api.europeana.eu/entity/[TYPE]/[IDENTIFIER].[FORMAT]
Example:
https://api.europeana.eu/entity/organization/4373.json
More information about metadata included in the organisation entity is available here.
Semantic enrichment process
Enrichment Service (one of the ingestion steps in Metis) analyses the values mapped to metadata fields that serve as source fields for enrichment:
edm:dataProvider
edm:intermediateProvider
edm:provider
For each of these values, a match to target fields from the Europeana entity is performed:
skos:prefLabel
skos:altLabel
edm:acronym
owl:sameAs
Matching rules
Matching follows a specific set of rules that specify how a match is obtained between the source and target values. It is case insensitive and takes into account language tags of textual values when available:
If source data is not language tagged, language tags of target fields are disregarded and matching relies solely on textual values.
If source data is language tagged, language tags of the source and target fields must be the same for matching to be successful.
Matching based on textual values
Metis looks for textual reference (label) mapped to the source field and finds an organisation entity with the same label in the target field.
Data partners can provide labels that are names of providing organisations in their original language or English translation, as well as acronyms as long as they are recorded in the CRM and part of the entity.
Source fields:
ore:Aggregation rdf:about="#Example_01Aggregation">
<edm:aggregatedCHO rdf:resource="#Example_01"/>
<edm:dataProvider>Bibliothèque nationale de France</edm:dataProvider>
[ other Aggregation data ]
</ore:Aggregation>
Target fields:
<foaf:Organization rdf:about="http://data.europeana.eu/organization/4373.json">
<skos:prefLabel xml:lang="en">National Library of France</skos:prefLabel>
<skos:prefLabel xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France</skos:prefLabel>
<edm:acronym xml:lang="fr">BnF</edm:acronym>
[ other properties of Organization entity]
</foaf:Organization>
When the match is found, the source value is replaced with the Europeana organisation entity URI and the entity is added to the record. Each entity is an instance of a contextual class as defined in the EDM for representing organisations (foaf:Organization). Inclusion of foaf:Organization class allows the exploitation of rich data about the contextual resource and allows it to be kept separate from the Aggregation class:
<ore:Aggregation rdf:about="/aggregation/provider/Example_01Aggregation">
<edm:aggregatedCHO rdf:resource="#Example_01"/>
<edm:dataProvider rdf:resource="http://data.europeana.eu/organization/4373"/>
[ other Provider’s Aggregation data ]
</ore:Aggregation>
<foaf:Organization rdf:about="http://data.europeana.eu/organization/4373">
<skos:prefLabel xml:lang="en">National Library of France</skos:prefLabel>
<skos:prefLabel xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France</skos:prefLabel>
[ other properties of Organization entity]
</foaf:Organization>
Matching based on URI (co-)references
Metis looks for URI mapped to the source field and matches it against the coreference link (indicated by owl:sameAs relation) available for the organisation entity.
Source fields:
<ore:Aggregation rdf:about="#Example_02Aggregation">
<edm:aggregatedCHO rdf:resource="#Example_02"/>
<edm:dataProvider rdf:resource="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12381002j"/>
[ other Aggregation data ]
</ore:Aggregation>
Target fields:
<foaf:Organization rdf:about="http://data.europeana.eu/organization/4373">
<skos:prefLabel xml:lang="en">National Library of France</skos:prefLabel>
<skos:prefLabel xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France</skos:prefLabel>
<edm:acronym xml:lang="fr">BnF</edm:acronym>
<owl:sameAs rdf:resource="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q193563"/>
<owl:sameAs rdf:resource="http://isni.org/isni/0000000123531945"/>
<owl:sameAs rdf:resource="http://viaf.org/viaf/137156173"/>
<owl:sameAs rdf:resource="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no95028191"/>
<owl:sameAs rdf:resource="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12381002j"/>
[ other properties of Organization entity]
</foaf:Organization>
When the match is found, the source value is replaced with the Europeana organisation entity URI and the entity is added to the record:
<ore:Aggregation rdf:about="/aggregation/provider/Example_02Aggregation">
<edm:aggregatedCHO rdf:resource="#Example_02"/>
<edm:dataProvider rdf:resource="http://data.europeana.eu/organization/4373"/>
[ other Provider’s Aggregation data ]
</ore:Aggregation>
<foaf:Organization rdf:about="http://data.europeana.eu/organization/4373">
<skos:prefLabel xml:lang="en">National Library of France</skos:prefLabel>
<skos:prefLabel xml:lang="fr">Bibliothèque nationale de France</skos:prefLabel>
[ other properties of Organization entity]
</foaf:Organization>
Data partners can provide a range of different persistent identifiers (PI) for organisations, including those listed below (note this list is not exhaustive):
Vocabulary / PI system name | Example URI |
Wikidata | http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q193563 |
Virtual International Authority File (VIAF) | http://viaf.org/viaf/137156173 |
The Getty - Union List of Artist Names (ULAN) | http://vocab.getty.edu/ulan/500309981 |
Gemeinsame Normdatei (GND) | http://d-nb.info/gnd/5156217-0 |
International Standard Name Identifier (ISNI) | http://isni.org/isni/0000000123531945 |
Archival Resource Key (ARK) | https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12381002j |
The Research Organization Registry (ROR) | https://ror.org/04v1bf639 |
Partners need to make sure to provide the correct URI pattern and notify Europeana about the PI they wish to use so that it can be recorded in the CRM.
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