Sweden
Overview | ||
‘Other photographs’ related rights | Yes | |
Overview | Article 14 has been implemented as an exception to Article 49(a) of the Copyright Act. | |
Scope | Applies to a work of art, rather than only a work of visual art. | |
Retroactivity | Unclear, but probably RR claims are invalid on photographic images taken also before 1/1 2023. | |
Statutory Law | Source language | English |
Provision on copyright | URL 1 Den som har skapat ett litterärt eller konstnärligt verk har upphovsrätt till verket oavsett om det är
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Whoever has created a literary or artistic work has he copyright to the work, regardless if it is
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Revised provision on copyright |
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Comments / analysis | Changes were only made in the related right for photographic images (see below). The protection for the duration of the life of the author + 70 years remains if a reproduction of a work of art in the public domain reaches threshold of originality, which leads to unclarity since representatives of rightsholders claim that any professionally made faithful reproduction, such as by someone working for a museum or CHI, would typically satisfy the threshold of originality. CHIs have not interpreted it this way so far. | |
Provision on related rights for “other photographs” | URL 49 a
Den som har framställt en fotografisk bild har uteslutande rätt att framställa exemplar av bilden och göra den tillgänglig för allmänheten. Rätten gäller oavsett om bilden används i ursprungligt eller ändrat skick och oavsett vilken teknik som utnyttjas. | Article 49 Copyright Act
Whoever has produced a photographic image has the exclusive right to produce copies of the image and make it available to the public. The right applies regardless of whether the image is used in its original or altered state and regardless of what technology is used |
Revised provision on related rights for “other photographs” | URL 49 a
Den som har framställt en fotografisk bild har uteslutande rätt att framställa exemplar av bilden och göra den tillgänglig för allmänheten. Rätten gäller oavsett om bilden används i ursprungligt eller ändrat skick och oavsett vilken teknik som utnyttjas. Rätten gäller dock inte om det huvudsakliga motivet för bilden utgörs av ett konstverk för vilket upphovsrätt inte längre gäller. | Article 49 Copyright Act
Whoever has produced a photographic image has the exclusive right to produce copies of the image and make it available to the public. The right applies regardless of whether the image is used in its original or altered state and regardless of what technology is used. However, the right does not apply if the main subject of the image is a work of art for which copyright no longer applies. |
Comments / analysis |
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Takeaways | ||
Limitations for CHIs | There are few limitations for CHIs. One example is the so called “classical work protection”, § 51 of URL, a protection that exist in most Nordic countries: Om litterärt eller konstnärligt verk återgives offentligt på ett sätt som kränker den andliga odlingens intressen, äger domstol på talan av myndighet som regeringen bestämmer vid vite meddela förbud mot återgivandet. Vad nu är sagt skall ej gälla återgivande som sker under upphovsmannens livstid. If a literary or artistic work is reproduced publicly in a way that violates the interests of spiritual cultivation, the court has the right, at the request of an authority determined by the government, to issue a ban on the reproduction. What has now been said shall not apply to reproduction that takes place during the author's lifetime. There is no court case where a court has applied the protection so as to prevent a reproduction, although it has been invoked at several occasions. The provision has however been used to deter or discourage controversial uses of classical works. | |
Reflections | Wikimedia Sverige asked the government about digitising techniques that fall outside the scope of the related right for photographic images (such as 3D digitization). Their reply: The government also wants to emphasise that to the extent that a certain technology falls outside the category of photographic images, the Copyright Act does not offer any protection for the performance, if it does not constitute a copyright-protected work or is attributable to one of the other related rights harmonised within the EU. This applies regardless of what the motive for such reproduction is. In such cases, there are also no copyright obstacles to using the reproduction. | |
Sources | ||
Open GLAM Examples | ||
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